The rail operator is typically responsible for everything "above" where the wheels of a train makes contact to the rail. "Above rail" includes the rolling stock, scheduling and operation of services, selling tickets, staffing stations, etc. 

The track manager is typically responsible for everything "below" where the wheels of a train makes contact: the track infrastructure. This includes the track, signalling equipment and other infrastructure (including any overhead traction supply).

See also below rail.

An absolute signal is signal that a driver must not pass when at danger (stop) without special permission.

This is different to the possible actions for a permissive signal.

ac = alternating current, as found in the household electricity supply

The Australian Qualifications Framework (commonly known as the AQF) is a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training (TAFEs and private providers) and the higher education sector (mainly universities).

The qualifications are:

Senior Secondary Certificate of Education;
Certificate I;
Certificate II;
Certificate III;
Certificate IV;
Diploma, Advanced Diploma;
Associate Degree;
Bachelor Degree;
Vocational Graduate Certificate;
Vocational Graduate Diploma;
Graduate Certificate;
Graduate Diploma;
Masters Degree;
Doctoral Degree.

More information: http://www.aqf.edu.au/aboutaqf.htm

Australian Quality Training Framework

The Australian Quality Training Framework (AQTF) provides the basis for Australia's nationally consistent, high quality vocational education and training system.

The nationally agreed quality arrangements for the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system, as agreed to by the Ministerial Council.

The Australian Rail Track Corporation Ltd (ARTC) was created after the Commonwealth and State Governments agreed in 1997 to the formation of a 'one stop' shop for all operators seeking access to the National interstate rail network.

For more information on ARTC click here.

An assessment tool is a collection of documents (instruments) which provide the means for gathering evidence to prove a candidate's competency. The tool may contain such instruments as a knowledge test, witness testimony, or a checklist of required practical performance or demonstration.

The most valuable way of collecting evidence is through observation. You can do this through:

• demonstration
• simulation
• role play
• video

Whenever you are using the observation method, you should use an observation checklist so that you can take notes of what you're observing during the assessment and refer to these notes later when making the assessment decision.

Australian Rail Operator, which could be a government, private or franchisee who actually conducts the above rail operations.

The ARO may also conduct the below rail operations.